In the context of reading, what does fluency encompass?

Fluency in reading is fundamentally about the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and with appropriate expression, which is reflected in the flow of sounds and the natural rhythm of speech. When a reader is fluent, they can read aloud with smoothness, making the experience more engaging and comprehensible for both the reader and the listener. This involves not only speed but also the ability to convey meaning through prosody, which includes intonation and phrasing.

In this context, while visual cues, sound-symbol relationships, and speed are components that can support reading development, they do not fully capture the essence of fluency. For example, visual cues may aid comprehension but do not directly impact the smoothness of oral reading. Similarly, understanding sound-symbol relationships is critical for decoding but does not encompass the overall fluidity and expression that characterize fluent reading. Focusing solely on speed overlooks the importance of expressive reading, which is integral to fluency. Thus, the correct answer highlights the comprehensive nature of fluency, which transcends mere speed to include the natural, flowing quality of speech.