Qualitative research typically involves what kind of data collection?

Qualitative research primarily focuses on understanding phenomena through in-depth exploration of individual experiences, perceptions, and social contexts. Narrative data collected through observations is central to this approach, as it allows researchers to gather rich, detailed information that conveys the complexities of human behavior and thought. This method emphasizes the quality and context of the data, enabling researchers to analyze and interpret meanings rather than simply quantifying relationships.

In contrast, the other methods mentioned do not align with the qualitative research paradigm. Statistical data from large samples tends to be characteristic of quantitative research, where the goal is to generalize findings across a population. Standardized testing formats also fall under quantitative methodologies, often used to measure specific variables against fixed criteria. Controlled experimental designs are associated with establishing causality and are typically seen in quantitative studies, focusing on variables and their measurable effects rather than individual narratives or subjective experiences.