What are the stages outlined in the phase theory of reading?

The phases of the reading development outlined in the answer choice reflect a widely recognized model of how children acquire reading skills, known as the phase theory of reading. This theory breaks down the reading process into four distinct stages: pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and consolidated alphabetic.

In the pre-alphabetic stage, children are able to recognize some words based on visual cues rather than understanding the alphabetic principles. They may remember the appearance of certain words but do not yet grasp the relationship between letters and sounds. Moving into the partial alphabetic stage, children begin to decode words using some letter-sound knowledge, even if it's not complete. This stage marks a pivotal transition where students start to use their phonemic awareness to aid reading.

As children progress to the full alphabetic stage, they develop a robust understanding of the alphabetic principle, allowing them to decode unfamiliar words by using their knowledge of phonics systematically. This stage enables significant improvements in reading fluency and comprehension as students can now apply their skills to read more complex texts.

Finally, in the consolidated alphabetic stage, readers consolidate their knowledge and skills, becoming more fluent and competent in reading. They not only recognize words automatically but also start to recognize patterns and