What does cacography refer to?

Cacography refers to the production of bad handwriting and poor spelling. The term arises from the Greek words "kakos," meaning bad, and "grapho," meaning to write. It captures the idea of writing that lacks clarity, neatness, or correctness, which can lead to miscommunication or difficulty in reading.

Although the other options mention different aspects of writing skills—such as beautiful handwriting, effective spelling techniques, and advanced writing—these do not align with the meaning of cacography. Instead, they represent positive attributes of writing, contrasting sharply with the negative qualities associated with cacography. Cacography specifically highlights deficiencies in writing, making it a term used to describe those issues rather than proficiency or elegance in writing style.