What does linguistics study?

Linguistics is the scientific study of language that focuses on understanding the structures, systems, and meanings of languages. It examines various components such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, allowing linguists to analyze how language is formed, how it conveys meaning, and how it functions in social contexts.

The study of structures includes looking at the syntax (how sentences are organized), morphology (the structure and form of words), and phonetic elements (sounds used in language). Meaning is explored through semantics (literal meanings of words and phrases) and pragmatics (how context influences the interpretation of communication). This comprehensive approach helps reveal the intricacies of language usage and development across different cultures and communities.

Other options, while they pertain to different fields of study, do not encompass the scope of linguistics. While mathematical formulas and psychological behaviors may share relationships with language use, they are not the primary focus of linguistics. Similarly, the physical movements in speech, which relate to phonetics and phonology, form only a part of the broader study of language rather than representing the field as a whole.