What does the Dual Route Theory explain about reading processes?

The Dual Route Theory of reading processes proposes that reading can occur through two distinct pathways: the lexical route and the nonlexical route. The lexical route refers to the method where readers recognize whole words as single units, typically relying on their familiarity with a word's spelling and meaning. This path is often used for known words, effectively drawing upon the reader's visual memory and vocabulary knowledge. On the other hand, the nonlexical route involves decoding written words by sounding them out, breaking them down into phonetic components to construct meaning, which is particularly beneficial for unfamiliar words.

This model highlights the complexity of reading as it integrates both word recognition and phonetic decoding processes, catering to different reading contexts and levels of word familiarity. By encompassing these dual processes, the theory provides a comprehensive understanding of how individuals read and the cognitive strategies they apply based on their level of proficiency and the specific demands of the text.

In terms of the other options, the Dual Route Theory is not limited to advanced readers, does not specifically focus on spelling at the expense of other reading aspects, and does not place more importance on oral reading compared to silent reading, as both processes can draw on the dual routes depending on the context and need.