What is dyslexia characterized by?

Dyslexia is primarily characterized by difficulties in reading, specifically in the area of single-word reading. Individuals with dyslexia often have challenges in accurately and fluently recognizing words, which is rooted in underlying problems with phonological processing, decoding, and spelling. These difficulties can impact their ability to read aloud, recognize sight words, and ultimately, their comprehension of text.

The focus on reading rather than other cognitive or communication skills highlights the unique nature of dyslexia. While it may co-occur with other challenges such as difficulties in number processing, verbal communication, or auditory processing, these aspects do not define dyslexia. The hallmark characteristic is indeed the struggle with reading, particularly at the single-word level, which can manifest in varied and unique ways depending on the individual's specific profile and strengths.