What term refers to the awareness and control of one's own learning processes?

The correct answer, metacognition, refers to the awareness and control of one's own learning processes. This concept encompasses the ability to monitor, evaluate, and regulate one's cognitive activities during learning tasks. It involves thinking about one’s own thinking, which can lead to better comprehension and the ability to apply strategies more effectively. Metacognition helps learners to set goals, choose appropriate strategies for learning, self-assess their understanding, and make adjustments when necessary to improve learning outcomes.

In contrast, cognition encompasses the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding, such as thinking, knowing, remembering, and problem-solving, but does not specifically address the self-regulatory component. Schema refers to a cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information, which is important for understanding and memory but does not capture the self-monitoring aspects of learning processes. Lastly, memory involves the storage and retrieval of information but does not directly relate to the awareness and management of one's learning strategies.