What type of memory helps in manipulating or transforming information?

Working memory is the type of memory responsible for manipulating or transforming information. It is an active system that holds and processes information temporarily. This function is critical for tasks that require reasoning, comprehension, and learning, as it allows individuals to keep information in their mind while simultaneously working with it.

For instance, when trying to solve a mathematical problem or follow multi-step instructions, working memory enables a person to hold relevant numbers, operations, or rules while performing calculations or making decisions based on that information. This capability is distinct from short-term memory, which primarily focuses on the storage of information for a brief period without the active manipulation component.

Long-term memory, on the other hand, pertains to the storage of information over extended periods, but it does not engage in the active manipulation of data. Implicit memory involves unconscious retention of information, such as skills and conditioned responses, and does not contribute to the conscious process of transforming information. Therefore, working memory is the appropriate answer as it encompasses both temporary storage and the ability to manipulate information actively.